Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas that can cause sudden illness or death. Cold-weather heating, blocked vents, and improper generator use make prevention especially important. This practical checklist explains what households should check before temperatures drop.
1. Test carbon monoxide alarms
- Install CO alarms on every level of the home and outside sleeping areas, following the manufacturer’s placement instructions and local code.
- Press the test button on each alarm and replace batteries or the unit according to its instructions.
- Check the manufacture or replacement date; alarms do not last forever.
- Consider interconnected alarms so that one alert can be heard throughout the home.
2. Arrange heating-system maintenance
Have furnaces, boilers, fireplaces, and other fuel-burning equipment inspected and serviced by a qualified professional. Keep vents, flues, and chimneys clear of snow, leaves, nests, and debris. Never ignore soot, unusual odors, or a pilot light that repeatedly goes out; contact a qualified technician.
3. Never run a generator indoors
Portable generators belong outdoors, far from doors, windows, and vents, following the manufacturer’s distance instructions and local fire-safety guidance. Never run one in a garage, basement, shed, or enclosed porch—even with doors open. Keep grills, camp stoves, and fuel-burning equipment outside and never use an oven to heat a home.
4. Know the warning signs
Possible CO poisoning symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Multiple people or pets becoming ill at the same time is an important warning sign. Symptoms can resemble flu or food poisoning.
If a CO alarm sounds or you suspect exposure, leave immediately for fresh air and call emergency services or the fire department from outside. Do not re-enter until responders say it is safe.
5. A five-minute household review
- Test alarms and check batteries.
- Confirm vents are unobstructed.
- Review generator placement with everyone in the household.
- Keep emergency numbers accessible.
- Ask a landlord or technician about any equipment that seems unsafe.
For authoritative guidance, read the CDC carbon monoxide safety guidance and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission CO information center. Follow local codes and appliance manuals; this checklist does not replace professional inspection.
Image credit: Matthieu Joannon / Unsplash.
